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Novikova Natalia
PhD in History, Assistant Lecturer, Department of World History, Yaroslavl’ State Pedagogical University;
Co-ordinator and Research Fellow, University of Exeter (GB), Yaroslavl’ State Pedagogical University
Address:
Pereulok Gertsena, d. 2, kv. 55
Yaroslavl’
150048, Russia
Tel.: (7-0852) 478 559 (home)
E-mail: novikova@history.yar.ru; ntlnvkv@mail.ru
European women in the 19th century: new ways to construct gender
Course description
The course is designed to allow students to explore what it meant to be a woman in the nineteenth-century Europe, to understand the meanings of womanhood and various constructions of feminine identity depending on nation and class differences. This course will examine diverse ways of how woman’s image was constructed in the art and literature, social status of women from different regions and classes, the opposition manhood/womanhood.
Although this course covers a whole century, emphasis will be placed on women in the late nineteenth and turn-of-the-century Europe to evaluate changes in the roles of women caused by forces of industrialisation and urbanisation. During the course various primary source documents and visual sources pertaining to women will be analysed.
Course objectives
- to acquaint students with the new type of history writing, methodologies and vocabulary of women’s history;
- to help students to appreciate gender as a social construction and to show how historians analyse it as a cultural system;
- to examine the social history of women in the West.
Teaching methods
The course is designed as a seminar: short introduction to the topic will be followed by discussion of assigned readings. Students are expected to prepare short presentations on each topic. Also students are encouraged to contribute to collection of documents and visual sources on the discussed topics and to translation essential readings from foreign languages into Russian.
Course content and required reading
Week 1. Introduction. What is women’s history?
Women’s history and its compensatory character. Women’s history and feminist women’s history. Main approaches to women’s studies. Definitions of gender. Category of ‘woman’. New methods of historical research. Problem of sources.
Required reading
- Kelly, Joan, Women, History and Theory, The University of Chicago Press, 1984, pp. 1-19.
- Offen, Karen, ‘Defining Feminism. A Comparative Historical Approach’, in Beyond Equality and Difference, eds Bock, Gisela and Susan James. Routledge, 1992, pp. 79-88.
- Riley, Denise, Am I That Name? Feminism and Category of «Women» in History, Macmillan, 1990, pp. 1-16.
- Scott, Joan, Gender and the Politics of History, Columbia University Press, 1988, pp. 28-50.
- Абубикирова Н.И. Что такое «гендер»? // Общественные науки и современность.- 1996.-# 6.- С. 123-125.
- Бок, Гизела. История, история женщин, история полов // THESIS.- 1994.- no. 6.- c. 170-200.
- Репина Л.П. «Женская история»: проблемы теории и метода // Средние века.- Вып. 57.- М.: Наука, 1994.- с. 103-109.
- Репина Л.П. Гендерная история: проблемы и методы исследования // Новая и новейшая история.- 1997.- # 6.- c. 41-58.
Week 2. The True Womanhood
Woman’s sphere. Cult of domesticity. The nineteenth-century Lady, her ideals, values and restrictions. Representation of femininity. Manners and mores. Dress and etiquette.
Required reading
- Anderson, Bonnie and Judit P. Zinsser, A History of Their Own, Vol. 2, New York: Harper & Row, 1987, pp. 103-167.
- Perkin, Joan, Victorian Women, New York University Press, 1993, pp. 93-113, 153-169.
- Hall, Catherine, White, Male and Middle Class. Explorations in Feminism and History, Polity Press, 1992, pp. 75-94
- A History of Women in the West. Vol. IV. Emerging Feminism from Revolution to World War, ed. Duby, George and Michelle Perrot, Harvard University Press, 1991, pp. 121-145, 246-317.
Week 3. Conditions of life
The impact of rising standard of living on women’s life. Physical and mental health care. Nutrition. Pregnancy and childbirth.
Required reading
- Anderson, Bonnie and Judit P. Zinsser, A History of Their Own, Vol. 2, New York: Harper & Row, 1987, pp.278-308
- Harrison, Barbara, ‘Women and Health’, in Women’s History: Britain, 1850-1945, ed. June Purvis, UCL Press, 1995, pp. 157-192.
- Зидер, Райнхард. Социальная история семьи в Западной и Ценральной Европе (конец 18-20 вв).- М., 1997.
Week 4. Life in the family
Partnership with a man. Mutual expectations and perceptions of moral duty. Concepts of honour and shame. Love and marriage. Sex before marriage. Courtship. Marriage and divorce. Motherhood. Illegitimacy and unwanted children. Single women. Widowhood.
Required reading
- A History of Women in the West. Vol. IV. Emerging Feminism from Revolution to World War, ed. Duby, George and Michelle Perrot, Harvard University Press, 1991, pp. 427-442.
- Perkin, Joan, Victorian Women, New York University Press, 1993, pp. 51-93.
- Mosse, George L. Nationalism and Sexuality. Middle Class Morality and Sexual Norms in Modern Europe, University of Wisconsin Press, 1985, pp. 44-84.
- Зидер, Райнхард. Социальная история семьи в Западной и Ценральной Европе (конец 18-20 вв).- М., 1997.
- Эллис Е. Обязанности замужней женщины и положение ее в обществе.- М., 1848.
Week 5. Women and religion
The place of religion in everyday life. Protestant women. Catholic women. The society of Friends (Quakers). Women - members of religious order.
Required reading
- A History of Women in the West. Vol. IV. Emerging Feminism from Revolution to World War,eds Duby, George and Michelle Perrot, Harvard University Press, 1991, pp. 166-227.
- Madsen, Catharine, ‘A God of One’s Own? Recent Work by and about Women in Religion’, Signs 1994 Vol. 19. No. 2. pp. 480-498.
Week 6. Victorian sexuality
Attitudes to sexuality. Rules of sexual morality. Sexual immorality. Prostitution.
Required reading
- Cott, Nancy, ‘Passionless: an interpretation of Victorian sexuality, 1790-1850’, Signs 4, 1978, pp. 219-236.
- A History of Women in the West. Vol. IV. Emerging Feminism from Revolution to World War, ed. Duby, George and Michelle Perrot, Harvard University Press, 1991, pp. 325-398.
- Jeffreys, Sheila, ‘Women and Sexuality’, in Women’s History: Britain, 1850-1945, ed. June Purvis, UCL Press, 1995, pp. 193-216.
- Зидер, Райнхард. Социальная история семьи в Западной и Ценральной Европе (конец 18-20 вв).- М., 1997.
- Бабиков К.И. Продажные женщины.- М., 1870.
Week 7. Women and social class
The importance of class differences among women. Life expectancy. Upper and middle-class women. Demographic changes and its impact on middle class. Industrialisation and its consequences. Working class women.
Required reading
- Hall, Catherine, White, Male and Middle Class. Explorations in Feminism and History, Polity Press, 1992, pp. 151-171.
- Perkin, Joan, Victorian Women, New York University Press, 1993, pp. 6-26.
- A History of Women in the West. Vol. IV. Emerging Feminism from Revolution to World War, ed. Duby, George and Michelle Perrot, Harvard University Press, 1991, pp. 399-426.
- Щеглов В. Положение и права женщины в семье и обществе.- Ярославль, 1898.
Week 8. Women and nationalism
Women, motherhood and the making of the nation. The place of the state in women’s lives. Protective legislation. Women in national revolutions and wars.
Required reading
- Davin, Anna, ‘Imperialism and Motherhood’, History Workshop Journal 5, Spring 1978, pp. 9-65.
- Elstain, Jean Berthke, Women and War, The Harvest Press, 1987, pp.
- Frevert, Ute, Women in German History, Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 21-48.
- A History of Women in the West. Vol. IV. Emerging Feminism from Revolution to World War, ed. Duby, George and Michelle Perrot, Harvard University Press, 1991, pp. 33-48.
- Offen, Karen, ‘Exploring the Sexual Politics of Republican Nationalism’, in Nationhood and Nationalism in France: From Boulangism to the Great War, 1889-1918, ed. Tombs, Robert, 1991, pp. 195-209.
- Ann Taylor Allen, ‘Feminism and Motherhood in Germany and in International Perspective, 1800-1914’, in Gender & Germanness, eds Patricia Herminghouse and Magda Mueller, 1997, pp. 113-128.
- Амфитеатров А. Женщина в общественном движении России.- СПб., 1907.
Week 9. Industrialisation and capitalism: women’s place
Women’s opportunities for paid work. Earning income: domestic servants, dressmaker and milliner, factory or mine worker, governess or teacher. Women in professional and industrial organisations. Women professionals.
Required reading
- Anderson, Bonnie and Judit P. Zinsser, A History of Their Own, Vol. 2, New York: Harper & Row, 1987, pp.248-278.
- Hall, Catherine, White, Male and Middle Class. Explorations in Feminism and History, Polity Press, 1992, pp. 108-123.
- Perkin, Joan, Victorian Women, New York University Press, 1993, pp. 169-201.
- Зидер, Райнхард. Социальная история семьи в Западной и Ценральной Европе (конец 18-20 вв).- М., 1997.
- Безобразов Р. О современном положении женщин.- М., 1892.
- Кантарович О. Законы о женщинах.- СПб, 1899.
- Карпович Е. О развитии женского труда в Петербурге .- СПб., 1866.
Week 10. Women and politics
Women’s rights. Charity work. Women - social reformers. The battle for education and professional training. The question of women’s legal and political equality. The origins of the women’s movement. Equal rights movements in Europe, its achievements and limitations. Evolution of women’s political identity. Representation of women in politics.
Required reading
- Anderson, Bonnie and Judit P. Zinsser, A History of Their Own, Vol. 2, New York: Harper & Row, 1987, pp.333-406.
- Perkin, Joan, Victorian Women, New York University Press, 1993, pp. 27-50, 202-218.
- A History of Women in the West. Vol. IV. Emerging Feminism from Revolution to World War, ed. Duby, George and Michelle Perrot, Harvard University Press, 1991, pp. 443-532.
- McDermid, Jane, ‘Women and Education’, in Women’s History: Britain, 1850-1945, ed. June Purvis, UCL Press, 1995, pp. 107-130.
- Зинченко Н. Женское образование в России.- СПб., 1901.
- Кудашева Е. Умственные способности женщины.- Екатеринославль, 1897.
- Мирович Н. Из истории женского движения в России. Т. 1-4.- М., 1908.
Suggestions for further reading
- Connecting Spheres. Women in the Western World, 1500 to the Present, ed. Boxer, Marilyn J. and Jean H. Quataert, Oxford University Press, 1987, Chapters 2, 3.
- Becoming Visible. Women in European History, ed. Bridental, Renate and Claudia Koonz, Houghton Miffin Company, 1977.
- Foucault, Michele, The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1, 2, Vintage Books, 1990.
- Rendall, Jane, The Origins of Modern feminism: Women in Britain, France and the United States, 1780-1860, Schocken Books, 1984.
- Smith, Bonnie, Changing Lives: Women in European History since 1700, Lexington, 1989.
- A Widening Sphere: Changing Roles of Victorian Women, ed. Vicinus, Martha, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977.
- Водовозова Е. На заре жизни. Т. 1-2.- Л., 1963
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